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In recent days, propaganda has started to influence public opinion increasingly as social media usage continues to grow. Our research has been part of the first challenge, Unimodal (Text) Propagandistic Technique Detection of ArAIEval shared task at the ArabicNLP 2024 conference, co-located with ACL 2024, identifying specific Arabic text spans using twenty-three propaganda techniques. We have augmented underrepresented techniques in the provided dataset using synonym replacement and have evaluated various machine learning (RF, SVM, MNB), deep learning (BiLSTM), and transformer-based models (bert-base-arabic, Marefa-NER, AraBERT) with transfer learning. Our comparative study has shown that the transformer model &quot;bert-base-arabic&#39;&#39; has outperformed other models. Evaluating the test set, it has achieved the micro-F1 score of 0.2995 which is the highest. This result has secured our team &quot;CUET_sstm&#39;&#39; first place among all participants in task 1 of the ArAIEval.

ACL 2024

CUET_sstm at ArAIEval Shared Task: Unimodal (Text) Propagandistic Technique Detection Using Transformer-Based Model

transformer-based model

propaganda detection

arabic nlp

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The 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2024) will take place in Bangkok, Thailand from August 11th to 16th, 2024. More information will be announced soon.

In recent days, propaganda has started to influence public opinion increasingly as social media usage continues to grow. Our research has been part of the first challenge, Unimodal (Text) Propagandistic Technique Detection of ArAIEval shared task at the ArabicNLP 2024 conference, co-located with ACL 2024, identifying specific Arabic text spans using twenty-three propaganda techniques. We have augmented underrepresented techniques in the provided dataset using synonym replacement and have evaluated various machine learning (RF, SVM, MNB), deep learning (BiLSTM), and transformer-based models (bert-base-arabic, Marefa-NER, AraBERT) with transfer learning. Our comparative study has shown that the transformer model "bert-base-arabic'' has outperformed other models. Evaluating the test set, it has achieved the micro-F1 score of 0.2995 which is the highest. This result has secured our team "CUET_sstm'' first place among all participants in task 1 of the ArAIEval.

workshop paper

The rise of memes as a tool for spreading propaganda presents a significant challenge in the current digital environment. In this paper, we outline our work for the ArAIEval Shared Task2 in ArabicNLP 2024. This study introduces a method for identifying propaganda in Arabic memes using a multimodal system that combines textual and visual indicators to enhance the result. Our approach achieves the first place in text classification with Macro-F1 of 78.69%, the third place in image classification with Macro-F1 of 65.92%, and the first place in multimodal classification with Macro-F1 of 80.51%

AlexUNLP-MZ at ArAIEval Shared Task: Contrastive Learning, LLM Features Extraction and Multi-Objective Optimization for Arabic Multi-Modal Meme Propaganda Detection

Detecting propagandistic spans and identifying persuasion techniques are crucial for promoting informed decision-making, safeguarding democratic processes, and fostering a media environment characterized by integrity and transparency. Various machine learning (Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and Multinomial Naive Bayes), deep learning (CNN, CNN+LSTM, CNN+BiLSTM), and transformer-based (AraBERTv2, AraBERT-NER, CamelBERT, BERT-Base-Arabic) models were exploited to perform the task. The evaluation results indicate that CamelBERT achieved the highest micro-F1 score (24.09%), outperforming CNN+LSTM and AraBERTv2. The study found that most models struggle to detect propagandistic spans when multiple spans are present within the same article. Overall, the model's performance secured a $6^{th}$ place ranking in the ArAIEval Shared Task-1.

SemanticCuetSync at ArAIEval Shared Task: Detecting Propagandistic Spans with Persuasion Techniques Identification using Pre-trained Transformers

In this paper, we are exploring mitigating class imbalance in Arabic propaganda detection. Given a multigenre text which could be a news paragraph or a tweet, the objective is to identify the propaganda technique employed in the text along with the exact span(s) where each technique occurs. We approach this task as a sequence tagging task. We utilise AraBERT for sequence classification and implement data augmentation and random truncation methods to mitigate the class imbalance within the dataset. We demonstrate the importance of considering macro-F1 as well as micro-F1 when evaluating classifier performance in this scenario.

SussexAI at ArAIEval Shared Task: Mitigating Class Imbalance in Arabic Propaganda Detection

We present an overview of the FIGNEWS shared task, organized as part of the Arabic- NLP 2024 conference co-located with ACL 2024. The shared task addresses bias and pro- paganda annotation in multilingual news posts. We focus on the early days of the Israel War on Gaza as a case study. The task aims to foster collaboration in developing annotation guide- lines for subjective tasks by creating frame- works for analyzing diverse narratives high- lighting potential bias and propaganda. In a spirit of fostering and encouraging diversity, we address the problem from a multilingual perspective, namely within five languages: En- glish, French, Arabic, Hebrew, and Hindi. A total of 17 teams participated in two annota- tion subtasks: bias (16 teams) and propaganda (6 teams). The teams competed in four evalua- tion tracks: guidelines development, annotation quality, annotation quantity, and consistency. Collectively, the teams produced 129,800 data points. Key findings and implications for the field are discussed.

The FIGNEWS Shared Task on News Media Narratives

This paper presents our team's contribution to the FIGNEWS 2024 Shared Task, which involved annotating bias and propaganda in news coverage of the Israel-Palestine conflict. We developed comprehensive guidelines and employed a rigorous methodology to analyze 2,200 news posts from several official Facebook accounts of news websites in multiple languages. Our team, Narrative Navigators, achieved third place in both the Bias Guidelines and Bias Consistency tracks, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach. We achieved an IAA Kappa score of 39.4 for bias annotation and 12.8 for propaganda detection. These findings and our performance underscore the need for enhanced media literacy and further research to counter the impact of biased and misleading information on public understanding of the conflict.

Narrative Navigators at FIGNEWS 2024 Shared Task: New Frontiers in Bias and Propaganda Annotation Techniques

In this study, we present a novel approach to annotating bias and propaganda in social media data by leveraging topic modeling techniques. Utilizing the BERTopic tool, we performed topic modeling on the FIGNEWS Shared-task dataset, which initially comprised 13,500 samples. From this dataset, we identified 35 distinct topics and selected approximately 50 representative samples from each topic, resulting in a subset of 1,812 samples. These selected samples were meticulously annotated for bias and propaganda labels. Subsequently, we employed multiple methods like KNN, SVC, XGBoost, and RAG to develop a classifier capable of detecting bias and propaganda within social media content. Our approach demonstrates the efficacy of using topic modeling for efficient data subset selection and provides a robust foundation for improving the accuracy of bias and propaganda detection in large-scale social media datasets.

DRAGON at FIGNEWS 2024 Shared Task: a Dedicated RAG for October 7th conflict News

News bias is difficult for humans to identify, but even more so for machines. This is largely due to the lack of linguistically appropriate annotated datasets suitable for use by classifier algorithms. The FIGNEWS Subtask 1: Bias Annotation involved classifying bias through manually annotated 1800 headlines from social media. Our proposed guidelines investigated which combinations of keywords available for classification, across sentence and token levels, may be used to detect possible bias in a conflict where neutrality is highly undesirable. Much of the headlines’ percentage required contextual knowledge of events to identify criteria that matched biased or targeted language. The final annotation guidelines paved the way for a theoretical system which uses keyword and hashtag significance to classify major instances of bias. Minor instances with bias undertones or clickbait may require advanced machine learning methods which learn context through scraping user engagements on social media.

LexiconLadies at FIGNEWS 2024 Shared Task: Identifying Keywords for Bias Annotation Guidelines of Facebook News Headlines on the Israel-Palestine 2023 War

This paper outlines the University of Tripoli's initiative in creating annotation guidelines to detect bias in news articles concerning the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. Our team participated in the Framing of Israeli Gaza News Media Narrative (FIGNEWS 2024) shared task. We developed annotation guidelines to label bias in news articles. Using those guidelines we managed to annotate 3,900 articles with the aid of our custom-developed annotation tool. Among 16 participating teams, we scored 48.7 on the macro F1 measure in the quality track in which we ranked 4th. In the centrality track we were ranked at the 6th position using the macro F1 avg measure, however, we achieved the 4th best kappa coefficient. Our bias annotation guidelines was ranked in the 9th position.

Uot1 at FIGNEWS 2024 Shared Task: Labeling News Bias

This paper details our participation in the FIGNEWS-2024 shared task on bias and propaganda annotation in Gaza conflict news. Our objectives were to develop robust guidelines and annotate a substantial dataset to enhance bias detection. We iteratively refined our guidelines and used examples for clarity. Key findings include the challenges in achieving high inter-annotator agreement and the importance of annotator awareness of their own biases. We also explored the integration of ChatGPT as an annotator to support consistency. This paper contributes to the field by providing detailed annotation guidelines, and offering insights into the subjectivity of bias annotation.

Bias Bluff Busters at FIGNEWS 2024 Shared Task: Developing Guidelines to Make Bias Conscious

In this paper, we present our approach for FIGNEWS Subtask 1, which focuses on detecting bias in news media narratives about the Israel war on Gaza. We used a Large Language Model (LLM) and prompt engineering, using GPT-3.5 Turbo API, to create a model that automatically flags biased news media content with 99% accuracy. This approach provides Natural Language Processing (NLP) researchers with a robust and effective solution for automating bias detection in news media narratives using supervised learning algorithms. Additionally, this paper provides a detailed analysis of the labeled content, offering valuable insights into media bias in conflict reporting. Our work advances automated content analysis and enhances understanding of media bias.

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AlexUNLP-MZ at ArAIEval Shared Task: Contrastive Learning, LLM Features Extraction and Multi-Objective Optimization for Arabic Multi-Modal Meme Propaganda Detection

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